Keywords: Ageism; elderly.

Background:

Ageism in healthcare may negatively impact the care provided to older adults.

Research questions:

This study aimed to examine whether ageist attitudes exist among family physicians, internists, and geriatricians using the Kogan’s Attitudes Toward Older People questionnaire.

Method:

This cross-sectional survey was conducted between July and December 2024. The Kogan questionnaire includes 34 items scored on a continuous scale, with higher scores indicating more positive attitudes toward older individuals. A total of 121 physicians (family medicine, internal medicine, and geriatrics) participated. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and Chi-square tests. Internal consistency of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Correlations between self-perceived ageism and questionnaire scores were evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient.

Results:

There were no statistically significant differences in overall ageism scores between family physicians, internists, and geriatricians (mean scores: 93.3, 94.1, and 91.7 respectively; p = 0.867). Importantly, the scores of all physician groups were below the questionnaire’s theoretical median, indicating a generally more negative attitude toward older individuals. A weak to moderate correlation was found between self-perceived ageism and the total score of the questionnaire (r = 0.246, p < 0.01). A stronger correlation was noted between self-perception and the Prejudice Index (r = 0.328, p < 0.001). Among geriatricians specifically, a strong correlation was observed between self-perception and the total score (r = 0.622, p < 0.01). However, in most cases, self-perception did not align with the attitudes objectively measured.

Conclusions:

This study found no significant differences in ageist attitudes among physician specialties. Overall scores were below the theoretical median, suggesting generally negative attitudes toward older adults. The discrepancy between self-perceived and measured attitudes highlights the need for targeted education and reflective training. Raising awareness of ageism in clinical practice is essential to fostering respectful, equitable care for the aging population.

Points for discussion:

How can we recognize ageism in our daily clinical behavior?

What practical steps can we take to reduce ageism in clinical practice?

How does ageism affect our patients?