Keywords: ASD; Autism; Morbidity; Epidemiology

Background:

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is an early-onset and lifelong neurodevelopmental condition requiring continuous resources and support throughout life. Although there is substantial research concerning pediatric populations with ASD, the adult population remains underexplored.

Research questions:

What are the differences in morbidity characteristics between adults with ASD compared with the general population, and how can these inform preventive care strategies?

Method:

This is a retrospective cohort study, with a timeframe encompassing up to 26 years of follow-up. Included adults patients (>18 years) with an ASD diagnosis. A random control group was matched in a 3:1 ratio to the ASD group based on age, sex and socioeconomic status. Patient records were scanned to identify diagnoses of multiple diseases and their dates of diagnosis. Statistical analysis was performed to compare incidence and timing of diagnosis between the groups, and interaction between the variables.

Results:

The study cohort comprised of 5326 men and 1639 women diagnosed with ASD with a mean age of 28 years. The hazard of developing Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (DM2), High Blood pressure (HBP) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) diagnosis increased by 47%, 24%, and 60% respectively, by belonging to the ASD group versus the control group, and with a lower age of diagnosis. The likelihood of being overweight was higher by 49% in the ASD group compared to the control group at any point during the study's follow-up period and was correlated with psychiatric diagnosis. The risk of Schizophrenia increased twofold. Incidence of COPD, Cardiovascular diseases and Bipolar disorder were not significantly different between groups.

Conclusions:

Our study highlights the distinct characteristics of adults with ASD compared to the general population, notably a significantly higher prevalence and younger age of diagnosis of various chronic conditions. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions for ASD adults, with a focus on preventive measures.

Points for discussion:

Morbidity Patterns

Primary care for various populations